托福写作话题解析及范文:关于20年后
为了帮助大家高效备考托福,熟悉托福写作 范文 ,下面我给大家带来托福写作话题解析及范文:关于20年后,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
托福写作范文:20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车
首先,综合写作改套路了,听力不再去反驳阅读了,而是去回答阅读中的问题。而独立写作的题目里竟然出现了一行小字: Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized example. 哦买尴!这简直就是继 乒乓球 由小改大后专为沦陷亚洲人而设计的规则变更嘛!帝国主义亡我之心不死啊!
宝宝们别慌。今天,我们就来给各位献上高分 作文 剖析。
(阅读提示:请大家先整体读一遍TPO35的题目及范文,后面会有我的分段解析)
TPO 35
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
大神 文章 :
The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.
First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.
Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.
A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.
From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.
首先我们来破题。
这是传统的独立写作题型,由三句话组成:第一句 “Do you agree or disagree with the following statement”是考生要完成的task,第二句 “In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today”是写作话题topic,第三句 “Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer” 是题目给你的requirement。所有考生都知道一篇作文必须“扣题”,在托福作文里就是去扣这三句话。这样一说,你是不是立马理解了5分标准里的前两条了?
第一条“Effectively addresses the topic and task”,就是指扣题目里的前两句话。 第二条“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications and/or details” 就是扣题目里的第三句话。读到这里,请各位宝宝们 反思 一句:扣题,你真的做到了吗?
因此,我们在写这道题时,就一定要紧紧扣住“20年后人们将使用比现在更少的车”这个话题,并呈现这样的分段:开头段一定要提出自己是否同意这个观点,正文段用reasons和examples去论证自己的观点,再用结尾段收束整篇文章,搞定。
再看看姚神的,啊呀,与我的分段方式不谋而合呢!开头段立论,3个正文段发展,结尾段收束——完美!有没有发现很好地符合了5分标准第二条里面的“is well organized”?童鞋们现在还敢不敢乱分段了?哼(傲娇脸)。哈哈,接下来再细看每一段吧~
文章分析
01
The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, in some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the pervasive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement that there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.
开头段最核心的功能是“立论”,也即回答题目的第一句话,表明自己的观点是同意还是不同意。姚神开头段的最后一句就是个明确的立论:同意题目观点。当然姚神在立论前还做了lead-in,作用是告诉大家写这篇文章的背景,引起读者兴趣。不过请注意,各位同学可别硬拽高端写法。如果你的打字速度呵呵哒,那么为师强烈建议第一段直接立论;否则正文段没时间好好写,那可就得不偿失啦。
02
First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the global media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth One Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the environment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 years, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they will be more environmentally-concerned.
正文段的作用是啥?论证你的观点。换句话说,论证你的第一段立论。你第一段立的啥论,后面就要一门心思去证明它。如果正文段与第一段没有完美印证,而是走歪了,那就违反了5分标准里第三条的第一个词 “unity”(统一、一致)。此外,用啥论证?题目要求里不说了么,reasons and examples. 看看姚神这段,以段落中部的according to a survey为分界点,前面是reason,后面是example,是不是正中5分标准的下怀呢?曾经有同学问我:“老师,一定要写example吗?我觉得老写my cousin Tom好low啊……”答案请见姚神作文,example不一定非要写cousin Tom或者隔壁老王嘛,你也可以写一个survey啊。当然,前提是,你真真切切地了解一个真实的survey,你可别到考场上自己胡编乱造啊。胡编乱造的最大特别就是细节缺失,而考场临时凑出来的survey绝对会细节缺失,一看就是假的,想给你分都难啊!
最后,嘿嘿,不得不请大家注意一下,有木有发现姚神第3句的documentary打错了,少了个字母 “r”?哈哈,其实呢,这种不影响读者理解的小笔误,就是5分标准里第四条的minor lexical errors(微小的单词错误),是不会影响你拿满分哒!
03
Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewer cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countries in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the rate of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.
再看姚神的第二个正文段。大家细看一下我挑出来的这些词:another key aspect, if, in 20 years, in this case, so. 有没有发现有啥共同点?没错,它们都有连接作用,凸显前后文逻辑。很多同学在表达观点时,不擅长使用连接词,导致观点之间逻辑不紧密,让人感觉不到在一步步论证自己的观点。这就与5分标准第三条里的两个词 “progression(进展)”和 “coherence(连贯)”相悖。当然,如果你写了一堆连接词,但其实句意根本不是那层逻辑,那也是完全没用的。比如:“我喜欢吃苹果,所以我妈种了很多桔子。”这个 句子 里确实有连接词“所以”,然而这逻辑——这位同学是在逗我吗?你好歹也要加个背景“我是捡来的”吧!
04
A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in the field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considering how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable for me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transportation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private transportation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the view that there will be fewer cars in the future.
第三个正文段——说到这会有同学打断我:“老师,我能不能只写两个正文段?”可以呀,大家看姚神这篇作文511个字,是大家在考场上能望其项背的么?能打400字就是考神附体了好么!所以,只写两个正文段,只要扣题了,发展清楚了,没有问题哒~~另外说下姚神这段的语言,用了两个rhetorical questions修辞性疑问句,在汉语里我们称之为“反问句”或“设问句”。这非常好地满足了5分标准里第四条的syntactic variety句法多样性。说到这里,有没有发现姚神这篇作文真的是360度全景符合5分标准呢!
05
From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I believe that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer cars. And I am looking forward to that future.
再看最后一段,最后一段其实在托福写作中的作用不大,收束全文再次点题即可。姚神的这段结尾除了中规中矩地收束以外,还加了句对未来的展望 “I am looking forward to that future”。但是还是提醒大家别在展望上写太多哈,为师担心你把展望写成了一个新观点,但却没有展开它,那可就违背了well developed这一点啦。还是那句老话,高端写法别硬拽,乖乖把时间留下来去发展正文段吧~
托福写作题目分析:20年后人们将有更多休闲时间
今天需要练习的写作题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, people will have more leisure time.
--2007.6.9
先针对如上写作题目写句子
在我看来,人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。因为科技发展速度惊人,以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。
翻译:
答案: In my point of view, people will definitely have more leisure time in the future, because technology has been developing at so fast a rate that it will be more efficient and, hence, time-saving for people to deal with most of their work.
汉英翻译练习对应的段落:
模拟主干段
(1)在我看来,人们将来肯定会拥有更多的休闲时间。
(2)因为科技发展速度惊人,以至于处理很多工作时都会更加地高效、省时、便捷。
(3)二十年前的人们不敢想象每个人的办公桌上都有一台强大的电脑---需要用手填写的一天的表格,现在用计算机往往只需要一小时就能完成;尽管我并不知道,二十年后我们将用什么样的高科技工具来提高工作效率,但进一步提高闲暇时间是肯定的。
(4)如果你回顾中国公共假日的历史,从每周休息一天,到一天半,最后演化到现在的双休日---你就会赞同社会进步对人们闲暇时间的增加的确很有促进。
托福写作语料库:20年后学生们是否不再使用纸媒书籍
【观点类】
In twenty years from now, students will not use printed books any more. 20年以后,学生们将不再使用纸媒书籍,是否认同? (2009年3月29 日)
【题目解析】20年以后,学生们不再使用纸媒书籍 = 电子书籍可以完全取得纸媒阅读,是否同意?
【作家立场】电子书籍有其优势,但是,纸媒书籍依然不会被代替,尤其是对于学生而言。
【写作思路】让步反驳:三分让步;七分反驳
【新东方网薛鹏思路拓展】
纸媒书籍存在的理由和不可替代性:
1. 无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣,很多学生改变不了用纸媒书籍学习的习惯。例如,我的同龄人,他们不习惯也不喜欢电子书,尤其是以电子书作为教科书,因为电子阅读极其不便,无法随时地做标记和笔记。
2. 对比其他的电子读物,传统的纸媒有其优势。具体而言,很多电子小说可随意发表,质量难保证,但是,纸媒书籍,比较而言,内容优质。 例如,作为文学 爱好 者,我喜欢阅读文学作品, 网络小说很少吸引我,因为其内容比较庸俗,文笔很差,极少带来阅读快感。相反,我自己喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志,我不读网络杂志,因为拿到一本新书的感觉很踏实,淡淡的墨香激发我立刻阅读的兴趣。
手机阅读或网络阅读的利好:(让步段)
我承认,电子阅读也有其流行的理由,例如:储存量大,携带便利,价格低廉,资源丰富,比较环保。但是,我想反驳的是:电子阅读也有其弊端。比如,长期接触电子辐射有害视力,另外,电子书库信息量很大,有时候,我们反而无从选择自己的喜欢的书籍。
【尾段 总结 】电子阅读仅仅是传统阅读的一种有效的补充,而非替代品。
【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】
【基础写作语料库】
1. printed books n印刷书籍
2. e-reading n电子阅读
3. deeply rooted reading habit n 根深蒂固的阅读习惯
4. can never replace traditional way of reading v永远无法代替传统的阅读方式
5. A and B are not mutually exclusive …… 和 …… 不是互相排斥的
【新东方网薛鹏原创语料库】
1. The past century has witnessed tremendous technological progress and these changes re-shaped some people’s reading choices. 一百年来,科技在进步,这种进步也改变了很多人的阅读选择。
解析:tremendous = great 巨大的
2. People still read, however,some people might have different preferences such as on-line reading or appreciating their favorite books via the cell phone 人们依然在阅读,但是,人们的喜好也许在变化,例如很多人喜欢网络阅读和手机阅读。
解析:via prep通过
3. Some people argue that if the popularity of e-reading keeps expanding at current rate, our reading will be dominated by on-line or cell phone reading two decades later 有人认为如果电子阅读以这样的速度上升,20年后,手机阅读和网络阅读最终将会占据主导地位。
4. It is true that the number of reading printed books is, to some extent,declining, but, this trend does not necessarily indicate conventional way of reading will give way to e-reading. 的确,那些阅读印刷书籍的人数在一定程度上减少,但是,这不一定意味着电子阅读会取代传统阅读。
5. The quality of many e-books cannot be ensured because almost every individual can publish articles on line,conversely,reading printed books with excellent contents can stir readers’ imagination, tap their creativity and deepen their insights into their lives. 因为几乎人人可以发表网络文章,所以,很多电子读物的质量难以保障,相反,阅读内容优质的纸媒书籍可以激发人的 想象力 ,开发人的创造性,加深人对于生活的洞察。
6. Indeed,I have to concede that many readers,especially teenagers, seem to be drawn to the popular e-reading.我承认,很多人,尤其是青少年读者,似乎被被流行的电子阅读所吸引。
7. Nonetheless,I want to rebut that on no account can we neglect the downsides triggered by e-reading. 但是,我想反驳的是任何情况下我们不能忽视电子阅读带来的弊端。
8. First,as for some of my peers,it is hard for them to change deeply rooted habit of reading printed books or newspapers. 对于我的很多同龄人而言,他们很难改变根深蒂固的阅读纸媒的习惯。
9. No matter how convenient or amusing e-reading is,I still have a preference for reading printed newspapers and magazines.无论电子阅读多么便利和有趣,我依然喜欢阅读印刷版的报纸杂志。
10. For example,as a literature fancier,I take keen interest in reading a magazine entitled Writer,I can either read printed book or and enjoy on-line magazine, however, I still have a sentimental attachment to the traditional way of reading 例如,我是文学发烧友,很喜欢阅读一本名为《作家》的杂志,我可以选择购买书籍,也可以选择网络阅读,但是,我始终对于传统的阅读方式更加依赖.
解析:have a sentimental attachment to 对于……有情感的依恋
11. The ink fragrance of the book never fails to make me feel at ease, when holding a newly published magazine, I usually have an impulse of browsing the book and make some personal notes immediately .一本新书散发着墨香,拿在手里,比较踏实,我可以随时笔记。
解析:make me feel at ease v使我感到心安
12. E-books enjoy their unique merits. To name just a few, e-books have large storage room, are easy to carry, have rich on-line resources and so on 电子阅读有其独有的利好, 例如,电子书存储量大,携带便利,资源丰富等等。
13. Seen from the perspective of health, chronic exposure to the screen might impair one’s eyesight 从健康的角度而言,长期接触电子辐射有害视力。
解析:chronic adj 长期的
解析:impair one’s eyesight v 有害视力
14. With the availability of an ocean of e-books,sometimes,it is hard for readers to select their favorite books. 电子书库信息量很大,有时候,读者反而无从选择他们的喜欢的书籍。
15. The ideal learning effect created by printed books can never be matched by e-reading. 使用纸媒书籍,效果更佳,电子阅读,难以实现。
托福写作字数要求多少_多少字最佳
托福写作字数要求多少?多少字最佳?为了帮助大家了解这个问题,下面我给大家带来相关内容,一起来看看吧!
托福写作字数要求多少?多少字最佳?
托福写作的Direction中标明“通常一篇有效的写作需要150 ~225字”。这个要求只是“建议性”的,并不是硬性规定。针讨综合写作的字数,ETS指出:考生所写内容能回答考题,考生不会因为超出规定的字数而被扣分。考生的 文章 并无上限,在这里提醒大家,考生可以在规定的时间内尽其所能地写,但写的内容要切题。托福独立写作:主要写的是 议论文 ,字数是不得少于300字,完成时间是30分钟。
很多同学说托福独立写作完不成,烤鸭们想要提升自己的写作分数,就得要一步一步来,从最近本的词汇量和语法上入手,其次就是积累自己的写作素材和模板,然后就是要限时练习,一定要限时,考试的时候,是有时间限制,在练习的时候要是没有时间限制,就会给自己造成一些困难。
托福写作怎么拿高分
1.内容完整准确。
一般情况下,讲座中信息都会有三点,需要看考生是否有将讲座中的关键信息点完整、准确地提炼出来(用自己的语言表达),另外,还需要和阅读材料的相关内容有效地一一对应。如果讲座中的信息点有缺失,那么会有一定程度的扣分;如果只写了有关阅读材料的观点,得1分。
2.文章组织机构如何,词汇和语法应用是否正确
条理清晰,结构连贯,用词恰当是高分 作文 的必要条件,考生要确保能够准确表达讲座中的观点与阅读材料中的观点是如何相互联系的,只要不出现重大的表述性的错误,比如表述不清,言不达意等,一些小的语言错误,如单复数问题和单词拼写等,并不会很影响作文成绩,不过,还是要尽量避免类似的小错误。
字数超了会扣分吗?
只要你是在回答问题,多写是不会扣分的,但怕就怕在你写的是与问题无关的废话。
独立写作中,很多同学想表达“A好”,比如“这件衣服我很喜欢”,那你应该去描述衣服的款式新颖、穿着舒适等等,不该是去花大篇幅讲“我是如何穿着这件衣服去参加TOM的生日派对”。“去参加生日派对”只是“喜欢这件衣服”产生的一个结果,而非原因。那这种情况就属于没说到点子上的扯废话。
为什么会字数写超?这里 总结 了以下两个原因:
1.不会归纳总结,这个在综写里最常出现。
2.从句太多,句式太繁琐!回想下,你有多少时候本来写一个简单句就能搞定的意思非要扯出一个定语从句。
如何解决字数多的问题?
综合写作:不要照抄阅读中的原话,在答综写的时候,听力和阅读的信息都要写到,且以听力为主。但答题时,答题板旁边的阅读原文是让你看的不是让你照搬的。ETS的评分标准说的很清楚:To respond successfully, you must do your best to write about the ways the points in the lecture are related to specific points in the reading.所以,我们应该做的是整合阅读中的内容!
如果你能做到紧抓听力材料,合理复述,并紧密联系阅读材料。字数超出也不碍事。若你说的有条有理,考官自然也愿意花些时间听你讲。
独立写作:平时练习的时候,可以采取列提纲的方式,把思路写下来,中文/英文/中英文掺杂都可以,优先考虑自己擅长的、能够充分展开论证的理由。
对于“例子”的展开,也就是我们最容易出现滚车轮话的地方,给大家一点练习的小建议:可以将写好的文章反复修改,最终目标是将例子的“背景交代、主要内容、引出的结果”这三要素各只用一句话表达出来。
如何提升托福写作的组织结构
新托福独立写作一共有3个评分标准:如何展开论点,如何组织结构,如何运用语言表达观点。
在这三项评分标准中,语言的表达是项相对较耗时的任务,不是一朝一夕即可掌握的,因此急需考生的长期酝酿;而如何展开论点,相对应其实与如何运用语言是相辅相成的,同样也需要时间。中国考生写作分数不高并不是因为不知道说什么理由,而是不知道如何用英语恰当的表达自己的中文思路。因此这3个评分标准中最有技巧最易提升的便是第二个:如何组织结构。
下面为大家介绍两种提升组织结构的 方法 :
第一,连接词过渡句
任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词,因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”,大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词,用于文章每个段落的段首。
但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构,因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词,包括“比如说,因为,但是,相对比而言”等,粗略估计,全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的连接词,不仅承接了全文,结构清晰明了,而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。以下为常用连接词:
1、第一:in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly
2、第二:in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly
3、第三:in the third place/ third/ thirdly
4、一方面、另一方面:on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another
5、表原因:because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to
6、表结果:so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence
7、表举例:for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate
8、表承接:besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally
9、表转折:but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless
10、表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary
当然,仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的,适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段,让全文更加流畅舒服,朗朗上口。
第二,内在论证统一
但是,仅仅使用第一,第二这样的连接词并不能保证作文结构的严谨,还要注意让所有的观点与文章的主题相关,紧扣中心思想。换句话说,作文要有统一性,评分原则中提到的统一性,渐进性和连贯性这些都是评估作文结构是否严谨,读者能否比较容易地跟上作者思路的标准。
而事实上这也正是被许多考生所忽略的问题。在拿到试题后,考生们不是先腾出时间构思结构框架,而是急着抓住哪怕是一分钟的时间动笔写作,其实如此的选择是要不得的,强烈建议各位考生在考试时不要舍不得这准备的时间,因为只有当你事先构思好而不是边想边写,你才能真正做到论证内容的一致性,观点与论据的统一性,也才能真正取得高分。另外,用最直白的作答应对题目的提问,用单边的手段安排整篇文章成5段的总分总思路是十分适用的。
托福写作中不可不知的两条原则
新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的 思维方式 和能力。 托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如gre类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。
一、言简朴实原则
所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦, 句子 应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。
例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. 现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致。
这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。
In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. 他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室。
很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office。
平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind。
Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate。
add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。 add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富 经验 、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。
kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”, 厦门托福 用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上。
比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。他有多年经商的经验。
actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我们装好收音机的零件。
assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。“
二、平等相处原则
“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。
例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. 许多商人觉得工作压力很大。
这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewishpeople;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的 文化 ,倒喜欢别人称Spaniard。
托福写作语料库:过去的饮食比现在更健康
Do you agree or disagree with the statement:The food we ate in the past was healthier than the food today.
作家立场:过去的食物比现在的食物更健康。
【思路拓展】
1. 在过去,人们 种植 水果,蔬菜,粮食的时候较少使用杀虫剂。 对比的是,现在的食物,很多种植者为了提高产量,大量使用化肥农药,因此,过去的食物比现在的食物更加健康。
2. 在现在,很多的饭店以及酒店的企业经营者为了非法地谋取暴利,使用过期的或者是劣质的食材,因此,很多食品是有害健康的。例如,很多小食店使用地沟油,而现代人工作忙碌,很多人的午饭都要订餐,因此,现代人的饮食很难说健康。
3. 在过去,经济发展不如现在,人们的收入不如现在,一个客观的利好是人们较少有机会去快餐店,烧烤店,海鲜店消费,因此,客观上,人们比较容易保持健康。同时,食品类(例如快餐) 广告 也不如今天这样普及,因此,人们更多选择更加健康的家庭聚餐。
【薛鹏原创语料库】
1. A is healthier than B …… 比…… 更加健康
2. A is more wholesome in comparison with B …… 比…… 更加健康
3. currently = nowadays = at present 现在
4. several decades ago = in the past 过去
5. keep fit = remain healthy 保持健康
6. ……is physically detrimental = …… is health-threatening …… …… 是有害健康的
7. food containing too much addictives 包含有太好添加剂的食品
8. fake and exaggerated food ads that promote the sales of unhealthy foods 促进了非健康食品销量的不良广告
9. Being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to consume them. 接触到太多的垃圾食品激发了我们消费的渴望。
10. …… is low in nutritional value 营养价值低
点评:谈及快餐 , 罐头食品, 加工食品。
11. People can eat fresh fruits and vegetables that seldom suffer from the invasion of insecticides / pesticides 人们可以吃到很少受到杀虫剂侵蚀的新鲜的水果蔬菜。
解析:insect (昆虫) + cid(杀)+e = insecticide 杀虫剂
12. Currently,crops are more likely to expose to the contamination from paper mills and chemical plants. 现在, 庄稼更有可能受到化工厂,造纸厂的污染。
13. …… improve people’s health index 提高人的健康指数
14. strengthen one’s immune system 增强人的免疫力
15. Health enables us to brave career challenges energetically and harmonize family life optimistically. 健康使我们精力充沛地应对事业的挑战以及乐观地实现家庭和谐
16. greedy owners of food shops or avaricious bosses of resultants 贪婪的食品店业主或者贪婪的饭店老板
17. desire to reap fabulous profits illegally 渴望去非法谋取暴利
18. use ingredients containing toxic contents 使用含有有毒的成分的食材
解析: ingredients 做饭的原料
19. canned food,take-away food 罐头食品,熟食食品
20. the awareness of health management 健康管理的意识
托福写作语料库 关于广告是否是人们不健康饮食的根源
Do you agree or disagree: the advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits? 广告是人们不健康饮食的根源?
托福写作相关提问:
Do you agree or disagree? Nowadays it is easier to maintain good health than in the past. 是否同意,现在比过去更加容易保持健康?
注意审题:不健康饮食不等于不健康
托福写作思路:让步反驳写法:(三分让步,七分反驳)
托福写作立场:广告是人们不健康饮食的根源之一,但是,不是唯一的阿主要的原因:
托福写作思路拓展:
让步段:广告为何是人们不健康饮食的根源:
1. 快餐食品广告会导致人们的不健康饮食。具体而言,现代人,生活节奏快,竞争激励,忙于事业,因此,为节省时间,很多人依赖快餐,但是,过度的糖分,脂肪,热量的摄入必然是有害健康。 因此,快餐广告是人们不健康饮食的根源之一。
反驳段:除了广告,不健康饮食的更加重要的原因有哪些:
1. 不健康的饮食习惯, 例如过度节食,很多年轻女孩喜欢追求苗条身体,很多人认为节食是最好的方法,但是,美丽的代价就是营养不良。
2. 不健康的饮食习惯, 例如暴饮暴食,很多人为了满足食欲,饮食无度, 过度营养物的摄入(例如海鲜类食品)必然是有害健康。
托福写作语料库:
1. Alarmingly, many modern people, especially youngsters, have been suffering from unwholesome eating habits. 令人担忧的是,很多现代人,尤其是年轻人,一直受到不健康饮食的困扰。
2. Conflicting ideas clash in whether or not the advertisement is the root cause of people’s unhealthy dietary habits关于广告是不是人们不健康饮食的根源,人们的观点是矛盾的。
点评:unhealthy dietary habit = unwholesome eating habit n不健康的饮食习惯;
3. In addition to the subtle influence of ads, there are still many other reasons that contribute to people’s undesirable eating habits.除了广告的微妙影响,还有很多的原因导致了人们的不良饮食习惯。
点评:contribute to = give rise to = lead to v 导致……
4. So fierce is the competition and so fast is the tempo of modern life that the vast majority of people nearly have no time available to do the home meal 现代社会,竞争激励,生活节奏快,现代人几乎没有时间回家做饭。
点评:fierce competition n 激励的竞争
5. Eating too much fast food is health-threatening, for fast food contains too much fat, sugar and calorie. 吃了太多的快餐有害健康,因为不少的快餐含有太多的脂肪,糖分和热量。
点评:too much intake of fast food = eat too much fast food v 吃太多的快餐食品
6. To be more precise = more precisely adv具体来讲
7. a rich variety of = various kinds of = manifold adj各种各样的
8. carbonated beverage = carbonated drinks n 碳酸饮料
点评:carbon n碳;beverage n饮料
9. …… is physically detrimental = is health-threatening = undermine one’s health v 有害身体健康(经典三剑客)
10. obesity or over-nutrition n肥胖或者营养过剩
点评:
obese adj肥胖的
over-nutritious adj营养过剩的
nutrient n营养品
11. exert a subtle influence on 对于……有微妙的影响(推荐背诵;广告必用)
12. …… is inevitably health- threatening …… 是不可避免地威胁健康
13. food preference or engorgement are still contributing factors of people’s sub-health 偏食和暴饮暴食同样是人们亚健康的原因
词汇:engorge vt. 狼吞虎咽
14. fail to maintain well-balanced diet v不能保持均衡的饮食
15. A great many young ladies are pursing slender figure nowadays, many of them tend to believe that cutting food intake is the best method. Unfortunately, the cost of beautiful look is the mal-nutrition. 很多年轻女孩喜欢追求苗条身材,很多人认为节食是最后的方法,但是,美丽的代价就是营养不良。
托福写作模板:观点对比型
其实,托福写作有一个比较速成的练习 方法 ,就是使用托福写作模板来进行套用。为了帮助大家备考,下面我给大家带来托福写作模板:观点对比型,望喜欢!
托福写作模板:观点对比型
使用托福写作模板套出来的 文章 出错率较小,逻辑上也不会有大的混乱,对一些没有很强驾驭能力的考生来说,托福写作模板是一个很有效的练习法宝,对于能力较强的人来说,也可以利用托福写作模板构架起自己独特的写作逻辑。
下面,我们就来看一个托福写作模板:观点对比型
Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you prefer—A or B? (1) No doubt, I choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages.
But B on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages. The most important benefit of A is that___________________.
To achieve the same effect, B will__________________. Another benefit of A, which B almost cannot achieve, is that___________________. Although B also has its seemingly profound advantages,
it can only be achieved conditionally because______________________. After understanding the reasoning above, it is quite safe now to say: to choose A is a wise action. (2) Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, contradict A. Personally, I would prefer__________ because I think A has more advantages. There are numerous reasons why________, and I would here explain a few of the most important ones.
The main reason is that___________. It can be given a concrete example_____________. Another reason why I advocate the attitude of A is that___________. Take the case of a thing that_______________.
One very strong argument for A is that__________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that_____________________. Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, __________. But if all these factors are complicated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B.
From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_________________.
Some people believe that A while others consider B more appropriate. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support.
(1) Some people believe that________________. Other people hold the opinion that_________. While both methods may have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances. Afterwards, I will explain my opinions about it.
For A, ___________________. But this also demonstrates that______________. Moreover, _______________________.
B, on the other hand, _______________. For example, ________________. In my opinion, the advantages of B are more than those of A because B fits me better in two ways: First, _________________.
Second, ______________________. (2) A and B are two totally different ideas that have caused a heated debate for a long period. Anyway, I agree with the idea of A. However, it is unfair to say which is better than the other if we do not see both sides of the story in the following paragraphs.
Some people believe B because______________. These people point out the fact that______________. They also argue that_______________________.
However, other people stand on a very different ground, they believe that____________.
They firmly point out that______________________.
An example can give the details of this argument: ___________________.
In addition, ____________________________.
In a word, A is too temptating not to be chosen. A, as shown above, has________.
托福写作观点类话题写作语料库:家庭聚餐是否依然重要
It is less important to eat with families regularly nowadays. 和家人有规则地聚餐已经不再那样重要,是否认同?
作家立场:和家人有规律地聚餐依然非常重要。
【思路拓展】家庭聚餐的利好
1. 增强家庭纽带,和谐家庭关系,为家人交流创造更多的机会。
2. 家庭聚餐更加健康,更加经济。相反,经常外出吃饭不仅仅不健康,而且增加经济负担。
3. 父母一起买菜做饭是一种生活情趣,为子女做出榜样,家庭聚餐可以提高家人厨艺。
【薛鹏原创语料库】
1. strengthen the family tie v增强家庭纽带
2. harmonize the family relationship v和谐家庭关系
3. set a fine learning example for their children v为孩子们树立榜样
4. impose much pressure upon a family economically v增加家庭的经济负担
5. add financial burden to a family v增加家庭的经济负担
6. improve one’s cuisine v提高厨艺
【解析】cuisine = cooking skill n厨艺
7. eat out v 外出吃饭
【拓展】eat out for a change 出去吃饭,换换口味
8. create splendid opportunities for family communication v 为家庭交流创造美好机会
9. enjoy the happiness of family reunion v享受家庭团聚的乐趣
10. family meal is, comparatively speaking, more economical v家庭聚餐相比较而言,更加经济。
托福写作观点类话题写作语料库:专业人士是否应该比文体明星更加高薪
【社会类】专业人士是否应该比文体明星更加高薪
Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers make greater contribution. So they should be paid more than those sport and entertainment persons. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 有人认为专业人士应该比文体明星高薪,是否认同?
【作家立场】 对比文体明星, 专业人士(医生, 教育 者,武警等)更有高薪的理由。
【头脑风暴】一个人的薪水应该和其能力及对于社会做出的贡献成正比,职业背景并非最关键的因素。无论文体明星还是专业人士,都有高薪的理由。然而,贫富差距加大,拜金主义盛行的重要的原因之一就是文体明星的惊人薪水。形成对比是,很多专业人士付出的辛苦更多,做出的社会贡献更大,薪水反而相对较低。因此,专业人士更有高薪的理由。
托福写作观点类话题写作语料库:高薪工作和均薪工作
【观点类】
Which would you choose: a higher pay job with long hours or an average pay job with normal work hours? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details 你喜欢何种工作,高薪时间长的工作还是均薪时间短的工作? (2023 年7月9日)
【相关题目】
A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 低薪假期多的工作比高薪假期少的工作好,是否同意? (2009年2月27日 )
【头脑风暴】
苦才是人生,痛才是经历,累才是工作,变才是命运。没有一个生命是准备屈服的,有谁,愿躲在避风的港口,宁愿,波涛汹涌的生活。人,有时候,不是怕忙,而是怕闲。辛苦工作赚到的钱,对于人生的积极影响也是无穷的。
【写作立场】 对比均薪工时短的工作,我更喜欢高薪工时长的工作。
【思路拓展】
高效但工作时间长的工作的利好:
① 工作是生活的重要组成部分,因此也是幸福的源泉,很多人将自己的成就感和薪水的高低联系到一起。薪水高意味企业重视自己,意味着自我价值的证明,因此,获得职业成就感和自豪感的机会就多。
② 经管可能休闲的时间减少,但是,高薪可以给家人带来更加幸福的生活。具体而言,改善居住环境,子女接受精英教育,家人的医疗有保障,这些也是幸福的源泉。
③ 工作着是美丽的,因为人有时候不是怕忙,而是怕闲,工作,通过有建设地利用了时间,使人心满意足,再也没有无聊之感。因此,世界上即使是最枯燥的工作,也比无所事事要强。
均薪但工作时间正常的工作的利好:
工作仅仅是生活的一部分,以牺牲健康管理或家庭生活为代价去博取金钱,得不偿失,努力工作是为了更好地生活,但是,生活的意义不仅在于工作赚钱。
尽管有良好的经济回报,但是,过度工作可能会使人身心疲惫,产生职业倦怠。一张一弛,劳逸结合,才能更好地享受工作带来的乐趣。
【小鹏哥语料库】
1. a handsomely paid job with less leisure hours 高薪但休闲时间短的工作
2. a career with meager salary but normal working time 低薪但工时正常的工作
3. One of the traits of modern way of working is that people enjoy more freedom and flexibility in selecting their favorite jobs. 现代择业方式的重要特征之一就是人们在选择自己喜欢的事业方面更加自由、灵活。
【解析】One of the traits of……is that …… 的最重要的特征之一就是……
4. It often happens that modern job-seekers often fall into a dilemma when faced with the option of choosing a handsomely paid job with long working hours or opting for a career with meager salary but normal working time. 求职者常常陷入两难的困境,是选择高薪工时长的工作好,还是低薪工时正常的工作好。
5. When it comes to the issue that whether people shall take up painstaking job with comfortable salary or the counterpart that could provide them common salary but more freedom, there never lacks debates and arguments. 当提及到是应该选择辛苦而高薪工作,还是正常薪水但更多自由的工作的时候,人们常常争议不断。
6. I prefer to secure a well-paying job even though I may have less time at my disposal. 我喜欢高薪的工作,尽管我的自由时间可能减少。
7. Making large sums of money could improve my quality of life 挣到很多的钱可以提高我的生活质量
8. For example, my child can receive fine education with high quality,which can considered as a significant reward of my hard work. 例如,我的孩子可以接受精英教育, 这就是我努力工作的重要回报。
9. Comfortable salary is the guarantee of my life,I can smell the flowers when aging 高薪是我人生的保障,老年的时候,我可以偷得余生半日闲。
10. to take a few days off in luxurious seaside resorts when vacation comes 假期来临,在海边的奢华度假胜地享受生活
11. take their salary as an indication of happiness 把薪水当成是幸福的一种象征
12. a job with meager salary = have a low-paid job 低薪的工作
13. enjoy more freedom = have more time at one's own disposal 有更多的自由
14. enjoy the flexibility of work 享受工作的灵活
【拓展】have a flexible working time 有更加灵活的工作时间
15. In spite of alluring economic remuneration, excessive work might make one generate job burnout and thus bring tiredness to both mind and body. Conversely, to strike a proper balance between rest and work can enable one to enjoy more pleasure brought about by work. 尽管有良好的经济回报,但是,过度工作可能会使人身心疲惫,产生职业倦怠。一张一弛,劳逸结合,才能更好地享受工作带来的乐趣。
16. have more time that could be allocated to their families,friends or hobbies 有更多的时间留给家庭,朋友和 爱好
17. A well-paid career indicates high social status,which could earn respect from others. Some top stars or financially richer business leaders could serve as perfect examples. 高薪工作意味社会地位高,也赢得他人的尊敬,明星和企业家就是很好的例证。
18. Working, by occupying time constructively, makes one contented and with no time for boredom. 工作,有建设性地利用时间,使人心满意足,再也没有无聊之感。
19. A busy life is what every individual aspires after. 人人渴望充实的生活。
20. Provided workload is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work in this world is less painful than idleness. 假如工作不是过量的话,即使这个世界上最枯燥的工作,也比无所事事要强。
雅思与托福对比?
很高兴为您解答托福语料库,雅思和托福托福语料库的区别还是比较大的,天道出国留学名师将为您逐一介绍托福语料库:
雅思和托福之间最本质的区别是受雅思和托福举办国的影响。
雅思是英国文化委员会(The British Council)、剑桥大学地方考试委员会(CUCLES)和澳大利亚教育国际开发署(IDP
Education
Australia)三大国际性机构联手举办的国际英语水平测试,适用于英联邦的国家。欧洲许多国家都在列,例如英国、荷兰、瑞士、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰这些国家都是英联邦国家,所以在这些国家普遍认可雅思考试成绩。
托福是由ETS(Educational Testing
Service)——是2005年9月美国有着100多年历史的老牌教育服务机构Educational Testing
Service出题,适用于北美国家,也包括日本,都是更加认可托福成绩的。地域上的这些差异,并不影响这两个考试的实际的作用和效果,比如申请香港的大学,即认可雅思考试成绩,雅思考试,
雅思考试怎么准备也认可托福考试成绩。
托福和雅思考试方式的主要区别在于口语考试,测试是面对面在雅思口语考试的形式,交流可以更真实、更人性化,托福口语考试,在人机考试的形式,根据模拟演讲类的检查学生,没有真正的考官。
虽然雅思和托福都是英语听说读写,雅思高分但是他们的分数是不同的。雅思满分为9分,托福满分为120分。0.25分0分;0.25或以上合计
lt;0.75分中的0.5分;总分≥0.75分得1分。另一方面,托福考试的口语、写作、听力和阅读各30分。
怎么算比较高的分数,雅思考试想高分的话可能要算的分数是7分,而托福是要100分,这想考试和托福的差距还是很大的。
托福语料库是什么意思
所有考过的题目答案合集。把托福考试的时候考过的题目、答案以及由该题目引申出来的话题整理在一起的合集,形成一个语料库。托福是申请美国大学必须要通过的英语学术水平考试,语料库是指存放语言材料的仓库(数据库),语料库中存放的是在语言的实际使用中真实出现过的语言材料。
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