托福必备的常见词汇的积累
对于很多准备出国留学的同学来说，考托福是很多同学的选择。
奥运会
athlete 运动员
referee 裁判
volunteer 志愿者
ceremony 开幕式
closing ceremony 闭幕式
medal presentation 颁奖仪式
stadium 体育场
Olympic Village 奥运村
Olympic record 奥运会纪录
hold the record 保持纪录
break a/the record 打破纪录
秋季时尚衬衫
1 To lose one's shirt
Lose的意思当然就是丢掉，或者失去什么东西。可是，to lose one's shirt 实际上并不是真的指丢了衬衫。它的确切意思是某个人失去了他所有的一切。
例句：Did you hear what happened to Joe? He's lost his shirt， the poor guy invested all his money in a fancy restaurant and it just went out of business.
你有没有听到关于乔的事?他可真是丢掉了一切，真可怜。他把所有的钱都投资在一家豪华的餐馆里。而这家餐馆不久前倒闭了。
又如：Be careful of salesmen who call on the phone and offer to sell you land on the beach down in Florida. You can lose your shirt because the chances are the land is under water at high tide.
对那些通过电话来鼓动你买弗罗里达州靠海滨的土地的推销员，你得十分小心。你要不小心就有可能会损失一切，因为这些地很可能就是那些在涨潮的时候会被水淹没的地。
2 To keep one's shirt on
To keep one's shirt on 字面意思就是穿上你的衬衣。听起来是个好主意，可是，它到底是什么意思呢?其实，它是指不要紧张，或者是不要在不了解情况的时候就发火。
例句：Keep your shirt on， Harry; we have plenty of time to catch the train.
哈里，你别太紧张了，我们有足够的时间赶到火车站。
To Keep one's shirt on 在更多的场合下意为保持冷静，在对情况不够了解之前不要发火。比如说，丈夫晚了三个小时回家吃晚饭。一到家，他就看到他的太太火冒三丈，于是，他马上就对太太说：
Honey， keep your shirt on， please! I'm sorry， but the boss made me work late at the office.
亲爱的，请你千万别发火。我很抱歉。我的老板给了我好多活，弄得我不得不在办公室加班。
3 To give you the shirt off his back.
从字面上来解释，to give you the shirt off his back 就是把他的衬衣从背上脱下来给你。一个人要是肯把衬衣脱下来给你的话，那就是一个在你患难的时候能拿出他所有的一切，包括他的衬衣，来帮忙的人。这种朋友是很可贵的。所以，to give you the shirt off his back指尽自己的力量帮助别人。
例如：Of course Dad gets mad at me sometimes for no good reason. But if I ever need it， I know he would give me the shirt off his back.
我父亲有时对我发火也不见得有什么道理。但是，只要我需要，他总是会尽一切力量帮助我的。
又如：Pete never says very much. But when he hears about somebody who's sick in the hospital or lost his job， he's always the first to put his hand in his pocket and bring out money to help. Yes， sir， he's the kind of man who'd give you the shirt off his back.
皮特这个人平时话不多。但是，每当他听说某人有病进了医院，或失了业，他总是第一个拿钱出来帮忙。是的，他是这种会尽力帮助别人的人。
4 A stuffed shirt
Stuffed有好几种解释，有时是指装的满满的，有时又指吃得过饱。那么，a stuffed shirt 是什么意思呢?A stuffed shirt是指那些爱摆架子，表现得神气十足的人。对于这种人最好是敬而远之。这种人既傲慢，又顽固，自以为了不起，他们参加任何社交活动都属于不受欢迎的人。
例句：My boss is a stuffed shirt： all he talks about is how important his ancestors are， how he was number one in his class at his university， and the wonderful things he thinks he's done for our company.
我的老板老是爱摆架子，吹嘘自己。他一开口就是说他祖先的地位有多么重要，他在大学念书时如何成为班里的第一名，还自称对我们公司作出了很大的贡献等等。
又如：I think I'll vote for Jimmy Brown instead of the other guy James Leland Elegant the third. Jimmy isn't a stuffed shirt like Elegant--he's a friendly， informal guy like us ordinary people.
我想我会投布朗的票，而不投那个看来很高雅的利兰。布朗不像利兰那么神气活现。他很友好、随和，就像我们普通老百姓一样。
托福常见单词释义
argue
【常用释义】
v. 争论
【生僻释义】
v. 认为，主张
托福例句：Some researchers argue that less-expensive programs are just as good as relatively expensive ones， such as Head Start.(TPO 31-2 Early Childhood Education)
解析：在托福中，经常会有somebody argues that.这样的句型结构。很多同学会以为argue只有争吵的意思。其实在托福中，argue更多的意思就是主张，认为，用来表达某人的观点，如she argued that they should all go，她主张他们都应该去。本句理解为，一些研究者认为花费较少的项目能够取得与花费更多的项目同样的效果，例如智力起航。
evidence
【常用释义】
1. n.证据;2. n.迹象( e.g. He was nowhere in evidence.哪儿都找不到他。)
【生僻释义】
v. 证明
托福例句：This period of evolution was relatively recent， as evidenced by the similar appearance of all the western chipmunk species.(TPO 39-1 Habitats and chipmunk species)
解析：evidence通常做名词，意为证据;迹象，我们可以很自然联想到它的动词意思证明，常用固定搭配是as evidenced by sth. 正如某事所证明的。全句翻译：这一时期的进化是相对较新的，正如所有西部花栗鼠长得都差不多这一点可以证明。
address
【常用释义】
n. 地址
【生僻释义】
v. 处理
托福例句：She began to address more ambitious themes in her dances such as The Sea， in which her dancers invisibly agitated a huge expanse of silk， played upon by colored lights(OG8 Loie Fuller)
解析：address作处理的含义，常跟‹task， problem›搭配。句子中，in which her dancers是介词提前的定语从句，修饰The Sea; played upon by colored lights做后置定语，修饰a huge expanse of silk. 整句话翻译为：她开始着手处理更有野心的主题，比如作品大海，在这个作品中舞者们在色光灯所创造的辽阔的隐形丝绸下摇摆。
film
【常用释义】
n. 地址
【生僻释义】
v. 处理
托福例句：She began to address more ambitious themes in her dances such as The Sea， in which her dancers invisibly agitated a huge expanse of silk， played upon by colored lights(OG8 Loie Fuller)
解析：address作处理的含义，常跟‹task， problem›搭配。句子中，in which her dancers是介词提前的定语从句，修饰The Sea; played upon by colored lights做后置定语，修饰a huge expanse of silk. 整句话翻译为：她开始着手处理更有野心的主题，比如作品大海，在这个作品中舞者们在色光灯所创造的辽阔的隐形丝绸下摇摆。
parallel
【常用释义】
adj. 平行的;
【生僻释义】
v.与媲美，与..相似
托福例句：Her interest in color and light paralleled the research of several artists of the period， notably the painter Seurat， famed for his Pointillist technique of creating a sense of shapes and light on canvas by applying extremely small dots of color rather than by painting lines.(OG8 Loie Fuller)
解析：parallel常见意思为平行的，而作动词时，表示与相似或是相媲美，有比较的意义在里面，比如to parallel someone。这句很长，主句很短，从notably开始的成分都是对画家Seurat的限定，famed forby doing something整句理解为，她对颜色和光线的兴趣与同期许多艺术家的研究相似，最为著名的是画家Seurat，他以点彩派画技，通过运用极小的色彩点取代了画线条的方法在帆布上创造形状和光线感。
托福单词有哪些？
托福阅读文章中，也不乏会出现专业性的词汇，有些文章甚至多次出现专业性的词汇，大大影响了同学们的阅读速度以及文章的理解能力，因此，想要更好地提高阅读分数，必须要攻克托福阅读中的专业词汇。
托福多次出现的单词如下：
anthropologist 人类学家
paleoanthropologist 古人类学家
ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家
psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家
origin 起源
hominid 人(科)
homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的
tribe 部落
archeologist 考古学家
excavation 挖掘
excavate (unearth) 挖掘
ruins 遗迹，废墟
remains 遗迹，遗骸
artifact 手工艺品
relic 遗物，文物
antique 古物，古董
antiquity 古代，古老
Stone Age 石器时代
Bronze Age (青)铜器时代
Iron Age 铁器时代
Paleolithic 旧石器时代的
托福阅读考察也是有一些技巧的：
托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的，原因是这样:托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识，因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的，而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。
托福常用高级词汇？
托福常用的单词有很多，托福英语词汇是成功备考托福考试的基础，没有单词这个基础，接下来的听力、口语、阅读、写作都将无法顺利进行。以下我整理了在托福考试中的重要高级词汇和高级词汇短语。
常见的4类高级词汇
一、艺术类
realism [ˈriəlizəm] n 现实主义
impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义
impressionistic style [ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk] 印象派风格
sculptor n.雕塑家
decoration n. 装饰品
stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃
weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织
brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧
texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理
pigment ['pɪgm(ə)nt] 颜色，色素（常考）
facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的
gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型
rank 分等级
appeal v.对……有吸引力
documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片
portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演
clown [klaun] n. 小 丑
authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj. 真正的
vocal music 声乐
solo 独奏
rhythm ['riðəm] n.节奏
dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间
timber [‘timbə] n.木材
genre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体
autobiography [ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记
二、自然类话题
infinite [ˈɪnfɪnɪt]无限的
cosmic [‘kɔzmik] adj.宇宙的
space debris [ˈdeɪbrɪˈdɛbrɪ] 太空垃圾
meteor [ˈmiːtɪə]流星
meteoroid [ˈmiːtɪəˌrɔɪd]流星
illuminate [i’lju:mineit] v.照亮，使明亮
spin [spɪn]v.旋转
rotate [rəu’teit] v.自转
revolve [ri’vɔlv] v.公转
paradox [ˈpærədɔks]n.悖论
navigation [ˌnæviˈgeiʃən]n. 航 海
voyage[ˈvɔi-idʒ]n.航行；航程
elongated [‘i:lɔŋ’ɡeitid] adj.被拉长的
ultra-violet n.紫外线
visible light n.可见光
solar energy 太阳能
tidal energy 潮汐能
energy conservation 保护能源
greenhouse effect 温室效应
ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层
deforest 滥伐森林
drought 干旱
decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəuz]v. 分 解
synthesize ['sinθisaiz] v.合成；综合
三、生命科学
mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物
primates [ˈpraɪmɪts]灵长目动物
endangered species 濒危动物
nerve system [nə:v] n.神经系统
circulatory ['sɝkjələtɔri]system 循环系统
renewing n.更新
metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新陈代谢
hormone [ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙
insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰岛素
secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物
vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管
beak [bi:k] n.喙
wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀
feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛
tail [teil] n.尾
burrow [ˈbʌrəu]n.洞穴
nest [nest] n.巢
mate [meit]n.交配
stimulus [ˈstimjuləs]n.刺激
forage [‘fɔridʒ] v.觅食
nomadic[nəʊ'mædɪk]adj.游牧的；流浪的
domesticate [dəˈmɛstɪˌket]v.驯养
reproduce[ˌri:prəˈdju:s] v.繁殖
camouflage [ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ]vt.伪装
shield [ʃi:ld] v.防御，保护
harsh[hɑ:ʃə] a.（环境）恶劣的
hibernation [ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]n.冬眠
echolocation [ˌekəuləu'keiʃən]n. 回声定位
organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.生物体；有机体；微生物
microbes[ˈmaikrəubz]n.微生物，细菌
nectar ['nektə]n.花蜜
四、社会科学
nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民
ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟
remains [rɪ'meɪnz] 遗骸
shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所
ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（宗教）仪式
originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于
inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于
bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬
subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的
objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的
cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识
questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷
motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机
intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图
self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 自立
majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人
minority [maɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人
collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃
out of business 歇业，破产
annual budget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算
mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押
commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.商品
常见的8组高级词汇短语
第一组：coincide with 和 contribute to
coincide with 同时发生
【释义】:If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.
【例句】:Although his mental illness had coincided withhis war service it had not been caused by it.
contribute to 导致，有助于
【释义】:If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.
【例句】:The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.
第二组: all but 和 break down
All but 几乎是
【释义】:You use all but to say that something is almost the case.
【例句】:The cases have stirred deep racial tensions, but the reactions of the white majority were all but silent.
break down 分解
【释义】:When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down, a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.
第三组：get credit for 和 take up
get credit for 因...而受到好评
【释义】: If you get credit for something, you receive acknowledgment or praise for some accomplishment.
【例句】:Soldiers on the frontline fought and died, but it is politicians back home who got credit for winning the war.
he social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments.
比起其他学科，社会科学不太容易因为它们的成就而受到好评。
take up 承担，开始做
【释义】:If you take up an activity or a subject, you become interested in it and spend time doing it, either as a hobby or as acareer.
【例句】:I am not particularly willing to take up a competitive sport because that will increase the .
第四组： lay off 和 fall into disrepute
lay off 解雇
【释义】:If workers are laid off,they are told by their employers to leave their job, usually because there is no more work for them to do.
【例句】:Only firms with fewer than 100 workers can lay off employees without consultation.
fall into disrepute 名声扫地
【释义】:If something is brought into disrepute or falls into disrepute, it loses its good reputation, because it is connected with activities that people do not approve of.
【例句】:The whole trans-genetic industry fell into disrepute because of the research scandal.
第五组： little more than 和 in conjunction with
little more than 只不过
【释义】:You use little more than to show something is only to a small degree.
【例句】:In fact, cost of cancer research is little more than 1 percent of the world's annual military spending.
in conjunction with 连同，与......共同联合
【释义】:If one thing is done or used in conjunction with another, the two things are done or used together.
【例句】:The water protection project will be done inconjunction with the Environment Agency.
第六组：hold in check 和 be rooted in
hold in check 抑制
【释义】:If you hold something in check, you keep something or someone under control, usually to stop them becoming too large or too powerful.
【例句】:The minister's campaign to hold inflation in check showed modest signs of success in April.
be rooted in 来源于
【释义】:If you say a particular quality is rooted in something, that quality has an origin or base from that thing.
【例句】:Many psychological problems of adults are actually rooted in their childhood experiences.
第七组： in terms of 和 have no sense of
in terms of 从......角度来说
【释义】:If you talk about something in terms of something or in particular terms, you are specifying which aspect of it you are discussing or from what point of view you are considering it.
【例句】:General Electric made great contribution to America in terms ofenvironment protection.
have no sense of 对......没有意识;没有概念
【释义】:If you have no sense of something, you have no recognition or perception either through the senses or through the intellect.
【例句】：Having no sense of moral obligation, Shipler was as little subject to the reproach of conscience after he acted as he was motivated by its promptings before he acted.
由于没有道义的概念，Shipler在做事以后不会受到良心的谴责，正如同在行动之前他也几乎不受良心的驱使一样。
第八组 ：have yet to 和 make no attempt to
have yet to还没有
【释义】:If you say that you have yet to do something, you mean that you have never done it, especially when this is surprising or bad.
【例句】:He has been nominated three times for the Oscarbut has yet to win.
make no attempt to 不去尝试
【释义】:If you make no attempt to do something, you don't try to do it.
【例句】:The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented 150 years ago.
注 ：make an attempt to 即“尝试做”
以上便是托福考试中一些重要的高级词汇以及高级词汇短语，祝你成功上岸！
托福单词有哪些呢?
托福单词如下：
1、bolster：主要用作名词、动词，作名词时译为“(Bolster) （美、印、荷）博尔斯特（人名）”，作动词时译为“支持，支撑；给（座位）加软垫；改善，巩固；增强，激励”。
2、booklet：在英语中意为“小册子”，可指CD的里、外、光盘扫描图，这些图片一般大小在500KB-30MB之间。与之相关联的名词是“OST”。OST是“影视原声大碟”，与影视作品相关的音乐、音效及伴音，多数都是由影片制片商发行的。
3、perception：英语单词，名词，意思是“认识能力；知觉，感觉；洞察力；看法；获取”。
4、adjacent：adjacent是一个英语单词，形容词，作形容词时意为“ 邻近的，毗连的”。
5、counterargument：英语单词，主要用作名词，作名词时译为“抗辩；辩论；用来反驳的论点”。
考托福的词汇量需要多少？
一般准备考托福托福基础词汇，基本上托福词汇量需要8000-10000托福基础词汇，但如果时间比较紧张，主要背一些高频词、关键词，大概5000就够。
【托福词汇书推荐】托福基础词汇：
1、俞敏洪的《新东方TOEFL词汇词根+联想记忆法乱序版》
这本词汇书比较全面，收录托福基础词汇了历年托福考试出现过的约4500个核心词汇，总共包括约8000词汇量。并且提供了词根+联想的一些记忆方法，背起来不会太枯燥。
2、王玉梅的《TOEFL词汇》
绝对是一本口碑图书了，在考生中享有很高的评价，被称为托福“绿宝书”。这本书也是比较全面的一本，涵盖了历年托福考试的核心词汇，也是按照ABCD的顺序排的，共分为40个章节，考频标注得很清楚，可以有的放矢地复习。
3、李笑来的《TOEFL核心词汇21天突破》
这本书是考生备考托福词汇时选用的比较多的一本书，它最为适合需要短期突破托福考试的考生，涵盖核心词汇2140个，分为21个章节，尽管说是21天突破，快的话10天就可以背完了，很适合短期备考的同学。
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