托福阅读怎样提高
很多考生都会碰到一个问题就是考托福出国需要多少钱。这就和自身的成绩和目标有关系了。明确了解自己想达到什么水平才能确定需要多少钱。很多考生在看到大篇幅的阅读文章就很头疼,那么在备考中如何克服托福阅读难的问题呢?我们需要通过提高阅读水平,扩充词汇量,掌握答题技能来帮助我们提高阅读的分数。下面小编为大家整理了关于快速提高托福阅读成绩的技巧的相关内容。
1.扩大托福词汇量
从某种意义上来讲,词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上),纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手,也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以,以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。
2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的托福阅读技巧
TOEFL的阅读量非常大,一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完,所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章,根本不能解决本质问题。那么,文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话,主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息,而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位,主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物,文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨,而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练,考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样,通过阅读文章的几处关键部位,就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系,也就解决了问题的70%。如果对考托福出国要多少钱还有疑问的可以咨询环球教育官网。
3.解题训练
排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上,这种方法具有致命的缺点:干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后,就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案,然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强,决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
除了上述三方面的训练之外,如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话,更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。
以上就是小编为大家整理的关于快速提高托福阅读成绩的技巧的相关内容,希望考生可以积极做好备考工作,及时调整好状态,争取在托福阅读考试中取得理想的成绩!如果对考托福出国要多少钱还有疑问的可以咨询环球教育官网。
托福考试阅读14分如何提高
阅读是托福考试的一个重要部分。如果托福阅读学习你想提高托福阅读水平,仅仅依靠词汇和句型的积累是不够的。下面就来说说托福考试阅读14分如何提高,一起来看看吧!
1.概括性地观察
在练习中,我们通常会阅读一些文章或段落。这时我们可以略读,通过总结第一段或每段的内容,我们可以知道文章是关于什么的,而不是逐字逐句地阅读,这样阅读既浪费时间,也不能提高我们的英语阅读能力。
2.学会引导阅读
当你练习托福阅读文章时,你可以设置题目、副标题、图片和第一句话的问题。你可以把它们写在你自己的位置上。这将帮助你在看问题时更清楚地理解文章的内容。
3.做标记
如果我们在阅读过程中遇到一个问题的关键字或短语,我们需要把它标记起来并记住。因为如果这里遇到托福阅读学习了,说明很可能以后的考试中也会遇到,这些是我们在练习中需要建立的关键标记和短语,不仅是在以后的阅读中,是在其他部分也能用到。
4.学会提问
当你阅读一个段落时,你可以在每个段落的开头写一个问题。当你看到这个问题时,你会想到这段话的意思。这样就让自己对段落有一个清晰的了解,还能做一个很好的归纳总结。
5.学会从经验中推断
在托福阅读整个学习过程中,学生应该学习推断,这是在你完全掌握了内容之后,对本文出现的一些问题,可以联系到日常生活中,从而更好地解题。
利用这种连带的关系,考生可以多阅读文章并多学习,提高自己的阅读兴趣和能力,这也是提高托福阅读的好方法。
托福阅读如何进行提高
托福阅读是托福考试中很重要的一部分内容,那我们该如何针对它做好有效的复习呢?下面就来说说托福阅读如何进行提高,一起来看看吧!
1.理解阅读复习的重点
托福阅读复习的重点是适应环境和答题节奏。这就要求考生掌握托福阅读文章的内容和清楚托福阅读题目的考点。
因此,考生应提高基本的阅读能力,从词汇、语法和文章结构等方面为考试做准备,要掌握托福8000词汇。
在学习词汇时不仅要知道词汇的汉语含义,还要掌握词汇的用法,提高对长难句的分析能力,多读相关文章备考,提高阅读能力。
2.快速扩展你的知识
扩大知识面对提高托福阅读题的准确性至关重要。如果考生对阅读文章的主题一无所知,在做题时就会感到非常困惑,很难理解文章的大意。
考生平时只要注意扩大知识面,多了解各个方面的知识,那么在阅读时就会感到很轻松。
3.掌握解决问题的技巧
学习分析选项对提高托福阅读成绩具有重要意义,它有助于考生在短时间内做出准确的选择。托福阅读选项中的干扰项有:
1)与文章细节相同或相反的部分;
2)选择本身是正确的,但它不是问题的答案;
3)符合常识,但文中未提及;
4)与文章内容明显不符等。
4.提高阅读速度
改变阅读习惯,提高阅读速度也是很有必要的。比较之前自己毫无章法地阅读整个文章,现在要学会带着任务、关键字和信息去阅读一篇文章。
这样最大的好处是可以加速,也加强了对于文章重点的记忆,便于考试把握。
但我们也得承认,改变阅读习惯并不容易,只有通过大量的练习才能做到让大脑熟悉这个过程,直到习惯为止。
提高托福阅读速度的经验方法
想要做到托福阅读提高,首先要做的就是 快速阅读 托福 文章 ,这样就有更多的时间进行做题和思考。提高托福阅读速度可以采用快速泛读、计时阅读、寻读、略读等 方法 。如何将这些方法利用,下面为大家分享托福阅读 经验 。
提高托福阅读速度的经验方法
快速泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。
而计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。
寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种 快速阅读技巧 。它是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对 其它 无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。
它与略读不同,略读时,读者事先对材料一无所知,而寻读则是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。具体地说,寻读带有明确的目的性,有针对性地选择问题的答案。
略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的,非常实用的快速阅读技能。
在进行托福阅读略读时,要利用印刷细节,如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等,对文章进行预测略读。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式),以便把握大意,有关的细节及其相互关系。
以一般阅读速度(200~250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段,力求抓住文章大意,背景情况,作者的文章风格,口吻或语气等。阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意,然后略去细节不读,以求得略读速度。注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however,moreover,inaddition等;序列词如firstly,secondly等。
托福阅读猜词的七大技巧
一、利用定义式线索进行猜测
定义是作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜测词义比较容易。例如:Kinetic energy is the energy of moving particles. Kinetic enegry 可能是生词,由定义可知,表语是说明主语性质内容的。所以kinetic energy就是“运动粒子的能量”。再如Typhoons are cyclones,storms with strong winds rotating around a low-pressure center.如果cyclones是生词,推断该词义的线索就是其后面的解释“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”由此我们可知cyclones的意思是“绕低气压中心形成的暴风雨”。在这种解释中定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
二、根据进一步阐述猜测词义
虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词, 短语 或者 句子 。例如Experts in kinesics, in their study of body motion as related to speech ,hope to discover new methods of communications. 逗号中短语的意思是“对肢体语言进行研究的学科”。短语与前面生词kinesics是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出kinesics指“肢体语言学”。在这种复述当中,构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号,和括号等。另外同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, 等副词或短语出现。另外一种会以定语从句的形式出现如从句Obesity, which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 根据生词obesity后面的非限制性定语从句which is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body's fat cells. 我们可以推断出 obesity的含义,即“过度肥胖”。
三、根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”。
四、根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义
例如Computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, murder and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1985. 这句话中有许多生词出现,但通过上文的crime和murder一词,我们可以知道这些下划线词都是与犯罪有关的词。在考试中,就不必费心去考虑它们的具体意思,知道大概类别即可。再如Goran Ivanisevic fears only one service in tennis -- Michael Stichs. His toss is always the same: the straight one or the topspin. Sampras has a good serve and Becker too, but Stichs is the toughest to read.在此例中,大多数词用于 网球 运动中的一些专门词汇,我们可以不必理会,而主要关注认识的那些词。这样能够大概理解此句讲的是网球选手Goran害怕某种service, 通过上下文大致可得知这是指网球运动中的一个动作(比如发球、扣球等)。其实,service就是“发球”的意思。从形容词straight可知Stichs发球的特点,而且他是最难预测的一个。这样一来就可以很好地把握文章内容了。
五、根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中,有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述,我们可以根据生词或难词的 反义词 猜测其词义。 例如:Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. Gregarious, 对许多人来说可能是个生词,但是句中单词unlike可以提示我们Gregarious和后面的词unsociable person是对比关系。分析出这种关系后,我们便能猜出意为Gregarious是“爱交际的”。
六、根据常识性线索猜测题义
这是指根据篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识来猜测词义。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如:The cat came quickly through the grass towards the birds ,when it was just a few from the feet from the victim, it gather its legs under itself and pounced.如果pounce 是生词。推测该词我们可以凭借我们的常识,我们知道当猫看到鸟时,通常它会先把爪子收起来,然后再突然向小鸟发起进攻。由此可以推断pounce一词的意思是“突然攻击”。
再如It's really cold out tonight. My hands are practically numb. 根据生活经验,天气寒冷时,手肯定是numb “冻僵的,冻得麻木的”。
七、利用构词法猜测词义
此法包括利用前、后缀及合成词猜测词义。
7.1前、后缀猜测词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的"缀"往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到"以不变应万变"的效果。例如He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有"超过,过于"之意,overwork意思是"工作过多,劳累过度"。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有:mis-错,误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate 低估;anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂。还有一些后缀派生词:例如1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志); 2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize, modernize)。
7.2利用合成词猜测词义
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun. 根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词"爆发"),set out-outset(名词"起始"),come in-income(名词“收入”)。
托福阅读材料练习:肺部有味觉
Take a deep breath. Taste anything? Actually, your lungs may. Because scientists have discovered that the same receptors that exist on the tongue to taste bitter substances are also found on the smooth muscle of the lungs.
Researchers were studying the receptors on smooth lung muscles that regulate contraction and relaxation of theairways. That’s when they made the discovery—which was so unexpected that the researchers themselves were skeptical.
Finally, they became convinced that the receptors were really there, though not clustered in taste buds as they are on the tongue. The scientists then exposed human and mouse airways to various bitter compounds to gauge the effects.
Many toxic compounds are bitter, so the researchers expected the lung muscle to tense up and contract—to compel the breather to move away from whatever was bitter and perhaps toxic. But, in a second surprise, bitter compounds relaxed and opened airways better than any existing asthma drug. The study is in the journal Nature Medicine. [Deepak Deshpande et al., "Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction"]
Researchers will continue to search for the role of the receptors. Meanwhile, the work represents a surprising new lead in the search for drugs to treat asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
—Cynthia Graber
托福阅读练习:考试助于学习
Tests aren't just a way for teachers to torture their students, according to a new study that finds the brain encodes better mental hints during test-taking than during studying alone.
考试不仅仅是老师用来折磨学生的手段,因为最新研究表明,考试时大脑消化吸收学习材料的效果要比只是学习看书时产生的效果好一些。
Although many people view tests as a way to mark and grade students' progress, research has found that the act of retrieving information from memory actually makes remembering it easier. In other words, tests improve learning.
人们把考试视作给学生进步打分的工具,然而研究发现,从记忆中检索信息这一行为可使人们记东西更加容易。换句话说,考试能让你学识渊博。
The study author Mary Pyc, a postdoctoral fellow at Washington University in St. Louis and her co-author Katherine Rawson investigated pieces of information called "mediators." Mediators are concepts, ideas or phrases that connect one piece of information to another. To be a good mediator, the idea has to be both easy to remember and easy to link to the information you're trying to retrieve.
该研究论文的撰稿人、华盛顿大学博士后玛丽-佩克和她的同事凯瑟琳-罗森着手于研究名为“介质”的信息碎片。“介质”实际上就是一些概念、观点或者短语,它们是连接各条信息的桥梁。要成为优质“介质”,相关观点必须易记且和你要检索的信息相关。
To investigate the effect of testing on mediators, Pyc and Rawson had 118 English-speaking participants learn 48 Swahili words. Some of the learners took tests on the information and then got to restudy the material before being tested again. Others only studied and restudied without tests.
为了调查考试对“介质”产生的效果,佩克和罗森让118名讲英语人士学习48个斯瓦希里语的单词。在之后的实验中,一部分学习者对所学内容进行测试,然后在再次测试前重新学习。而另一些人则只是学习、再学习,没有测试。
A week after learning the words, each group took a final test. Some tests required them to give the English translation from the Swahlii word alone. Another group got a test that gave them the Swahili word plus the mediator they'd used when learning the words. A third group not only had to translate the word, but they also had to remember and write down their mediator word.
一周后,每组都会进行一次期终考试。一组被要求写出斯瓦希里语某些单词的意思,而另一组则在释义时研究者给他们看了自己学习时曾使用的“介质”。第三组不仅需要给单词释义,还要记住并写下自己当时使用的“介质”。
Overall, the group that took practice tests did three times better than the study-only group. In addition, more test practice made for better mediators. Those who had to recall both their mediator and the translation got scores averaging 51 percent if they'd been in the pretesting group and just 34 percent if they'd only studied. Those who didn't have to remember their mediator, just link it to the translation, also did much better if they'd completed practice tests.
总体来讲,经常做测试的那一组的考试结果要比不做测试的那一组好出三倍。此外,测试较多使得学习者使用的“介质”也较好。需要回忆“介质”以及释义的小组成员中,先前在测试较多小组中学习的成员平均分为51分,而那些曾在不测试小组中学习过的成员平均仅为34分。而在考试中不被要求回忆“介质”只需释义的人群,倘若之前做过较多测试,考试成绩也要好得多。
如何做好托福阅读备考呢
一、基础准备期
托福阅读最基础托福阅读学习的当然是对单词和语法的掌握,所以在一开始的基础准备期,对英语基础词汇和基础语法知识的学习是很重要的。
第一步托福阅读学习:确定自身基础
可以通过一些背单词的app来估测一下自己的词汇量,以及通过对托福阅读真题中出现的长难句进行分析来检测自己的语法能力。如果二者结果皆不理想,就需进行下一步准备。
第二步托福阅读学习:对症下药
词汇量不够,就多背单词书,把自己的词汇量达到考试要求的6000—8000水平;语法不行,就对语法进行针对性的托福阅读学习了解和学习,总而言之这一时期就是让考生打牢基础,为进一步的学习做准备。
二、基础拔高期
在这一时期,考生的任务重心依然是词汇和语法,只不过更注重的是从托福阅读自身的特点出发,把握托福阅读词汇和语法。
对于托福阅读词汇而言,考生需要注意的是其中的核心词和学术类词汇。
核心词是一篇托福阅读文章中影响考生对于文章理解的动词、形容词等,是常见却又重要的词汇,在备考期可以通过对历年托福阅读词汇总结等资料对其进行学习;
学术类词汇多与专业学科有关,在备考期间多多注意积累,熟悉即可。
而托福阅读语法的学习,则主要针对阅读中出现的长难句,在这一时期考生可以通过对常见句型结构的了解、句类基础的把握等方面来为长难句理解做好准备。
三、强化时期
在完成上面两个时期的备考工作后,考生对托福阅读已经有了一定的了解,也能够把握住基础词汇和语法,这时候,就可以进行以下三方面的强化工作了。
1、攻克长难句
对于长难句的把握首先要熟悉长难句的成分和结构类型,在这之后对句子进行分析练习,目标是能够找到长难句的主干以及能够对长难句进行快速理解。
2、理解文章
如何快速理解一篇阅读文章的含义托福阅读学习?首先从文章标题开始,从标题中把握内容,再从内容中把握重点。当考生能够做到初步预测文章内容,并能分清文章重点和非重点时,就能在很大程度上快速理解一篇文章。
3、把握阅读题型
对于托福阅读题型的把握就需要考生进行专项练习,可以直接选择TPO阅读题目对该题型有哪些出题点?一般会采取什么问法?解题的一般步骤等方面进行把握。
四、冲刺时期
最后的冲刺时期对于考生最大的要求是突破自身短板,尤其是深入突破阅读中的难点,例如对阅读题型的把握或者是因专业性太强造成的阅读障碍等难题。
考生可以通过对于题型的分组进行针对性地攻克,也可以通过对文章的学科进行分类以把握学科特点。
总而言之,冲刺时期就是哪里有漏洞补哪里,并不拘泥于考生的词汇、语法或是阅读速度。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
在托福阅读考试中,有好的训练 方法 和一定量的解题技巧,可以为你的托福阅读得到高分。那具体这些解题技巧和方法我们应该如何应用到平时的练习中去呢?下面我就为大家整理了这些,希望可以帮助到大家,快来一起学习吧。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
1.每一篇 文章 第一次做时,尽量按照考试速度要求做。
2.做完后,接下来就要认真把文章读一遍,划出把文章里不懂的单词和长难句,查出单词意思,(借助语法知识)认真分析长难句,同时还要把错题(包括碰巧猜对的题目)认真分析,特别是OG和汉客笔记的题目(还有北极星最后几套ETS出的题目),一定要把题目涉及的文章内容仔细看,甚至在文章中划出涉及考题的内容,培养对易出题的考点的感觉,甚至揣摩ETS的出题思路。等到这些工作都做完,这篇文章也就基本吃透了,这时再重新把文章读一遍,最好多读两遍。这个过程其实就是精读了。只要时间允许,做过一次的阅读文章最好都尽量精读,吃透它。光作对题只是一个浅显的要求,就像只顾吃饭,对材料认真分析、精读才是真正消化吸收。
3.等过了三五天,或者两三周以后,有空的话再把这篇文章看(做)一遍,作为巩固,复习,而且有时还会温故知新。
P.S 如果时间不足,OG的文章是一定要精读的,而且题目也要仔细研究,这是出题思路和考试最为接近的资料。这些原则在新托福阅读其实也是同样适用的,只要文章中出现如下内容,都要引起注意:举例证明,罗列式例举,转折(否定),因果,下定义,比较级(最高级),同位语(插入语),数字年代,特殊标点(引号,破折号等)。
阅读具体的做题顺序
阅读最基本的做题顺序有两种:先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题
它们又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序:读一段文章,做相应的题目,然后再读一段,再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题
对于广大非牛来说,可能“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”会比较合适,读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构,做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收,从而不利于做 总结 题,也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。而新托福目前反馈大都是顺序出题的,所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目,再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢,可以对文章有全面的把握,虽然总量上还是要读完全文,但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。
托福阅读题型破解
阅读一般来说是中国人的强项了,也是拿分的主力。如果你口语不牛, 作文 一般,还想考到100分,那么阅读应该保证在28分以上。(我认为对于多数人来说,要达到一百分,28,26,22,24这个结构是比较容易达到的。)
在IBT阅读中,甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中,如果要用一个词来概括的话,那就是paraphrase,意译。无论是题干还是正确选项,大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过 同义词 来完成的。即题干中多用 近义词 来对原文中的 句子 进行替换,来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译,是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个,都有着重要的作用。在后面的文章里我会结合实例解释这一点。
关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。在此问题上我与有的朋友也有过争执。我个人习惯是先用5—7分钟的时间通读全文,然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上,每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文,每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样准确率比较高。但有的朋友本着居家过日子的心,认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题,必然有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文就会浪费掉一些时间,不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。对此我不好妄加评论。每个人都应该通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。
关于复习的时间安排。我认为,弄完词汇以后,就应该着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题犹如英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的情况了。但也不能太急功近利,单词没弄好就硬上阅读,有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击,也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以开始下面的复习了。复习听力口语作文的日子里,每天一定要最少做3篇文章的题量,按照考试的时间要求,千万不可放松。做得多了,就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的阅读文章能教给我们各种学科的基础知识。(这与GRE有区别。托福的专业性文章还都处于一个启蒙的专业水平上,不像G那么变)阅读还可以教给我们一些老美的思路,老美看待问题的方式。阅读不会像你想象的那样痛苦的。
无论是OG还是Delta,都把阅读的题目分成十类,即:Understanding Facts and Details, IdentifyingNegative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences,Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence(Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information. 我将按顺序一一解释。
还有很重要的一点,做题的时候,无论考试还是练习,不光要分析对的选项为什么对,更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路,培养感觉。这是非常有用的。
托福阅读词汇实践出高分
有些人在复习托福阅读一开始就抱着词汇书背,我认为那样做背起来特别容易忘,而且还到实际中还不知道怎么用。其实不妨这样做,那一开始就做真题,就像摸考一样,然后在对答案的时候,遇到的不懂得单词,再看那些跟着每一套阅读真题的单词(有一些书就是跟着每套题的单词,全篇翻译都有的),这时候再背单词,做一套,背一套,大概这样做上4、5套题,你的感觉就是,大体主要的单词也就是这些了,那你就提高到一个境界了。
而且复习托福阅读真题让你对真题书而有熟,是一举几得的事。我就是这么做的,是清华的一个家伙介绍给我的,真是不错,现在大概复习有1个多月了,错题数能控制在2个以内。当然另外,还要注意一点,那就是一个阅读的方法问题,我也想说一下,希望对大家有用。
托福阅读备考的方法
其实 快速阅读 的技巧在掌握文章的思路,使整篇文章的段落层次,清晰在大脑中展现。
在读第一段时,特别是第一句,往往给我们一个大致的思路,文章的论题是什么,作者想说什么?然后第二段的第一句,然后在想一想作者下面又想讲什么,这一段里有没有什么重要的细节。然后第三段,又讲了什么,这里面的重要细节又是什么。
几段下来,每次读的时候都要来个小小的总结。各个段落的目的是什么,主题又是什么?这样,在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图 ,在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。
在回答问题前,花几秒钟总结一下文章大意,它的思路和主题。
再次提醒,TOEFL考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实,你也没有那么多时间)。相反,你应该只读文章段落的第1句,而快速浏览其余部分。当你"读"完这篇文章时,你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
答题。根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。因为你这样做完,你会觉得每一段的思路、脉络都会非常清晰,做题的时候,就可以很快找到出题点,而且对于偏离主题的题一眼就能看出,主题词就会显得格外明显。而实际中每一次的小结只需要几秒钟的一个停顿就可以,大家不妨试试,就会明白了。
需要注意的是,复习的时候,一定要看原文章,将文章通读,遇到忘了的单词,在重新回来查书上的解释,然后再背。这样背过的单词就不再是一个个孤立的单 词,而且也省去了枯燥背单词的时间,更主要的是,这样背过的单词,你会对这个词的用法很熟悉,不容易忘,或者就像有些人所说的,明明在单词表里觉得挺熟的 词,到了真正的阅读中,又会觉得很生疏,或者不能立刻反映出它的意思了。
托福阅读备考时大家要在做托福阅读真题的同时理解背诵单词,这样才能进一步加强托福阅读学习的质量,希望对大家有帮助。
托福阅读真题1
Glass fibers have a long history. The Egyptians made coarse fibers by 1600 B.C., and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 B.C. During the Renaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glass fibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels. However, glassmakers guarded their secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century.
The eighteenth century brought the invention of spun glass fibers. R é ne-Antoine de R é a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibers by rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.
By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yarn reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, making decorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of little practical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silk and could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glass looked golden.
Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed. In the modern manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.
1. Which of the following aspects of glass fiber does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The major developments in its production
(B) Its relationship with pottery making
(C) Important inventors in its long history
(D) The variety of its uses in modern industry
2. The word coarse in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) decorative
(B) natural
(C) crude
(D) weak
3. Why was there nothing written about the making of Renaissance glass fibers until the seventeenth century?
(A) Glassmakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make.
(B) Glassmakers did not want to reveal the methods they used.
(C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers.
(D) Production methods had been well known for a long time.
4. According to the passage , using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pull fibers from molten
glass made the fibers
(A) quicker to cool
(B) harder to bend
(C) shorter and more easily broken
(D) longer and more durable
5. The phrase this material in line 16 refers to
(A) glass fibers
(B) decorations
(C) ornaments
(D) novelties for collectors
6. The word brittle in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) easily broken
(B) roughly made
(C) hairy
(D) shiny
7. The production of glass fibers was improved in the nineteenth century by which of the
following
(A) Adding silver to the molten glass
(B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes
(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers
(D) Using yarn reels
8. The word appreciated in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) experienced
(B) recognized
(C) explored
(D) increased
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) invention (line 7)
(B) circumference (line 17)
(C) manufacturing process (line 24)
(D) bushing (line 25)
PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD
托福阅读真题2
Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varèse(1 883-1965) called thus the liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds. Electronic music, for example — made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments — may include sounds that in the past would not have been considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music — tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas—are widely used.
In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of microtones. Non-western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters — closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well. Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.
Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music
(B) How sounds are produced electronically
(C) How standard musical notation has been adapted for nontraditional sounds
(D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound
2. The word wider in one 1 is closest in meaning to more impressive
(A) more distinctive
(B) more controversial
(C) more extensive
(D) more impressive
3. The passage suggests that Edgard Var è se is an example of a composer who
(A) criticized electronic music as too noiselike
(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music
(C) believed that any sound could be used in music
(D) wrote music with environmental themes
4. The word it in line 12 refers to
(A) piano
(B) string
(C) blade
(D) music
5. According to the passage , which of the following types of instruments has played a role in
much of the innovation in western music?
(A) string
(B) percussion
(C) woodwind
(D) brass
6. The word thereby in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) in return for
(B) in spite of
(C) by the way
(D) by that means
7. According to the passage , Krzysztof Penderecki is known for which of the following practices?
(A) Using tones that are clumped together
(B) Combining traditional and nontradinonal instruments
(C) Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium
(D) Playing Western music for non-Western audiences
8. According to the passage , which of the following would be considered traditional elements of
Western music?
(A) microtones
(B) tom-toms and bongos
(C) pianos
(D) hisses
9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to
(A) chart the history of innovation in musical notation
(B) explain the logic of standard musical notation
(C) design and develop electronic instruments
(D) indicate how particular sounds should be produced
PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD
联系我们请扫一扫上面二维码